Oxigenoterapia de alto flujo con cánula nasal en el tratamiento de la bronquiolitis aguda en neonatos / High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in neonates

OBJETIVO: Determinar si el uso de oxigenoterapia de alto flujo (OAF) en cánulas nasales disminuye la necesidad de ventilación mecánica en neonatos hospitalizados con bronquiolitis aguda. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohortes ambispectivo, realizado en una unidad neonatal IIB, que incluyó neonatos ingresados con bronquiolitis desde la instauración de la técnica de OAF (período-OAF: octubre de 2011-abril de 2015), comparándolo con una cohorte histórica de la temporada previa a su uso (período pre-OAF: enero de 2008-mayo de 2011). Se analizó la proporción de ventilación mecánica antes y después del inicio del tratamiento con OAF y se evaluaron parámetros clínicos y complicaciones de los pacientes tratados con esta técnica. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 112 neonatos, 56 del período-OAF y 56 de la temporada pre-OAF. En el período-OAF ningún paciente requirió intubación en comparación con la temporada previa, donde el 3,6% precisó ventilación mecánica invasiva. El uso de OAF se asoció con una disminución significativa de ventilación mecánica no invasiva (30,4% vs 10,7%; p = 0,01), con un RR de 0,353 (IC 95%: 0,150-0,829), RAR de 19,6% (IC 95%: 5,13-34,2) y NNT de 5. En el período-OAF 22 pacientes recibieron terapia de alto flujo y 22,7% de ellos (IC 95%: 7,8-45,4) requirieron ventilación no invasiva. Tras el inicio de OAF se observó una mejoría rápida y progresiva de la frecuencia cardiaca (p = 0,03), frecuencia respiratoria (p = 0,01) y escala clínica (p = 0,00) a partir de 3 h. No se registraron efectos adversos. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de OAF disminuye la necesidad de ventilación no invasiva y es un tratamiento seguro que consigue mejoría clínica de neonatos con bronquiolitis

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the availability of heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy was associated with a decrease in need for mechanical ventilation in neonates hospitalised with acute bronchiolitis. METHODS: A combined retrospective and prospective (ambispective) cohort study was performed in a type II-B Neonatal Unit, including hospitalised neonates with acute bronchiolitis after the introduction of HFNC (HFNC-period; October 2011-April 2015). They were compared with a historical cohort prior to the availability of this technique (pre-HFNC; January 2008-May 2011). The need for mechanical ventilation between the two study groups was analysed. Clinical parameters and technique-related complications were evaluated in neonates treated with HFNC. RESULTS: A total of 112 neonates were included, 56 after the introduction of HFNC and 56 from the period before the introduction of HFNC. None of patients in the HFNC-period required intubation, compared with 3.6% of the patients in the pre-HFNC group. The availability of HFNC resulted in a significant decrease in the need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation (30.4% vs 10.7%; P = .01), with a relative risk (RR) of .353 (95% CI; .150-.829), an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 19.6% (95% CI; 5.13 - 34.2), yielding a NNT of 5. In the HFNC-period, 22 patients received high flow therapy, and 22.7% (95% CI; 7.8 to 45.4) required non-invasive ventilation. Treatment with HFNC was associated with a significant decrease in heart rate (P = .03), respiratory rate (P = .01), and an improvement in the Wood-Downes Férres score (P = .00). No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of HFNC reduces the need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation, allowing a safe and effective medical management of neonates with acute bronchiolitis

[High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in neonates]. / Oxigenoterapia de alto flujo con cánula nasal en el tratamiento de la bronquiolitis aguda en neonatos.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the availability of heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy was associated with a decrease in need for mechanical ventilation in neonates hospitalised with acute bronchiolitis. METHODS: A combined retrospective and prospective (ambispective) cohort study was performed in a type II-B Neonatal Unit, including hospitalised neonates with acute bronchiolitis after the introduction of HFNC (HFNC-period; October 2011-April 2015). They were compared with a historical cohort prior to the availability of this technique (pre-HFNC; January 2008-May 2011). The need for mechanical ventilation between the two study groups was analysed. Clinical parameters and technique-related complications were evaluated in neonates treated with HFNC. RESULTS: A total of 112 neonates were included, 56 after the introduction of HFNC and 56 from the period before the introduction of HFNC. None of patients in the HFNC-period required intubation, compared with 3.6% of the patients in the pre-HFNC group. The availability of HFNC resulted in a significant decrease in the need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation (30.4% vs 10.7%; P=.01), with a relative risk (RR) of .353 (95% CI; .150-.829), an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 19.6% (95% CI; 5.13 - 34.2), yielding a NNT of 5. In the HFNC-period, 22 patients received high flow therapy, and 22.7% (95% CI; 7.8 to 45.4) required non-invasive ventilation. Treatment with HFNC was associated with a significant decrease in heart rate (P=.03), respiratory rate (P=.01), and an improvement in the Wood-Downes Férres score (P=.00). No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of HFNC reduces the need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation, allowing a safe and effective medical management of neonates with acute bronchiolitis.